IVF Treatment in US 2025
In vitro fertilization has become an increasingly vital pathway to parenthood for hundreds of thousands of Americans facing fertility challenges. The landscape of assisted reproductive technology continues to evolve rapidly, with advancements in medical techniques, expanded access through insurance mandates, and growing social acceptance transforming how families are built across the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National ART Surveillance System, IVF now accounts for over 99% of all assisted reproductive technology procedures performed nationwide, representing a cornerstone of modern fertility medicine.
The latest verified data from the CDC reveals unprecedented growth in IVF utilization, with fertility clinics performing more cycles than ever before and helping bring nearly 100,000 babies into the world through assisted reproductive technology. This comprehensive analysis examines the most recent verified statistics from government sources, providing prospective parents, healthcare professionals, and policymakers with accurate information about IVF success rates, patient demographics, treatment outcomes, and geographic variations in access across America. Understanding these statistics helps individuals make informed decisions about their fertility journey while highlighting the continued need for improved access and affordability in reproductive healthcare.
Key IVF Facts and Statistics in the US in 2025
| Key Metric | Verified Data |
|---|---|
| Total ART Cycles Performed | 435,426 cycles |
| Total Unique Patients Treated | 251,542 patients |
| Number of Reporting Fertility Clinics | 457 clinics |
| Live Birth Deliveries from ART | 94,039 deliveries |
| Total Live-Born Infants | 98,289 babies |
| Percentage of All US Births from ART | 2.6% |
| Egg/Embryo Banking Cycles | 184,423 cycles |
| Fresh Embryo Transfer Cycles | 91,906 cycles |
| Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles | 159,097 cycles |
| Average Success Rate (All Ages) | 21.6% per cycle |
Data Source: CDC National ART Surveillance System (NASS), 2022 Report – Most Recent Verified Government Data
The verified CDC data demonstrates the substantial role that assisted reproductive technology plays in American family building. With 435,426 total ART cycles performed across the nation, the United States maintains one of the world’s most robust fertility treatment infrastructures. These procedures were conducted at 457 reporting clinics nationwide, treating 251,542 unique patients who sought help overcoming various fertility challenges. The resulting 98,289 live-born infants represent 2.6% of all babies born in the United States, underscoring how integral IVF has become to modern reproduction.
A significant trend evident in the data is the growing preference for egg and embryo banking cycles, which totaled 184,423 procedures. This represents approximately 42% of all ART cycles performed, reflecting patients’ desire to preserve fertility for future use through egg freezing and embryo cryopreservation. Meanwhile, frozen embryo transfer cycles at 159,097 substantially outnumbered fresh embryo transfer cycles at 91,906, highlighting the medical community’s shift toward freeze-all strategies that optimize timing and improve success rates. The overall average success rate of 21.6% per cycle across all age groups demonstrates the continuing challenges of fertility treatment while also showing the substantial progress made in reproductive medicine over recent decades.
IVF Success Rates by Age Group in the US in 2025
| Patient Age | Cycles Performed | Percentage of Live Births per Transfer | Percentage of Singleton Births |
|---|---|---|---|
| Under 35 years | 125,468 cycles | 50.3% | 95.5% |
| 35-37 years | 63,421 cycles | 38.7% | 95.8% |
| 38-40 years | 50,987 cycles | 27.4% | 96.1% |
| 41-42 years | 28,654 cycles | 16.2% | 96.5% |
| 43-44 years | 13,892 cycles | 8.1% | 97.0% |
| Over 44 years | 9,234 cycles | 3.2% | 97.4% |
Data Source: CDC National ART Surveillance System (NASS), 2022 Fertility Clinic Success Rates Report
Age remains the single most critical factor determining IVF success rates, as clearly demonstrated by CDC surveillance data. Women under 35 years experience the highest success rates, with 50.3% of embryo transfers resulting in live births, while this age group also accounted for the largest volume of treatment cycles at 125,468 procedures. The success rate declines progressively with advancing maternal age, dropping to 38.7% for women aged 35-37 and further decreasing to 27.4% for the 38-40 age group. This biological reality reflects the natural decline in egg quality and quantity that occurs as women age, making early intervention increasingly important for those facing fertility challenges.
The data reveals a dramatic decline in success for women over 40 years old, with live birth rates of just 16.2% for ages 41-42, plummeting to 8.1% for ages 43-44, and reaching only 3.2% for women over 44 years. Despite these lower success rates, 51,780 cycles were still performed for women aged 41 and older, demonstrating that many patients pursue treatment despite reduced odds. Interestingly, the percentage of singleton births increases with maternal age, rising from 95.5% for women under 35 to 97.4% for women over 44, reflecting more conservative embryo transfer practices in older patients to minimize the already elevated risks associated with advanced maternal age pregnancies.
Types of IVF Cycles Performed in the US in 2025
| Cycle Type | Number of Cycles | Percentage of Total | Live Birth Rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frozen Embryo Transfers | 159,097 cycles | 36.5% | 42.8% |
| Egg/Embryo Banking | 184,423 cycles | 42.4% | N/A |
| Fresh Embryo Transfers | 91,906 cycles | 21.1% | 38.6% |
| Donor Egg Cycles | 21,345 cycles | 4.9% | 51.2% |
| Gestational Carrier Cycles | 5,432 cycles | 1.2% | 58.7% |
Data Source: CDC National ART Surveillance System (NASS), 2022 National Summary Report
The distribution of IVF cycle types has shifted dramatically over recent years, with frozen embryo transfers now representing 159,097 cycles or 36.5% of all procedures. This approach allows clinicians to optimize the uterine environment for implantation separately from the ovarian stimulation phase, generally resulting in higher success rates of 42.8% per transfer. The freeze-all strategy has become standard practice at many fertility clinics, contributing to improved outcomes while also providing patients greater flexibility in timing their embryo transfers to align with work schedules, health conditions, or genetic testing results.
Egg and embryo banking cycles comprised the largest single category at 184,423 procedures representing 42.4% of all ART activity. This includes both patients undergoing elective egg freezing to preserve future fertility options and IVF patients choosing to freeze all resulting embryos rather than proceeding immediately to transfer. Fresh embryo transfer cycles totaled 91,906 with a live birth rate of 38.6%, while donor egg cycles at 21,345 procedures achieved impressive 51.2% success rates, reflecting the benefit of using eggs from typically younger donors. Gestational carrier cycles numbered 5,432 with the highest success rate of 58.7%, though this smaller category represents cases where both egg quality and uterine factors are optimized through the use of donor eggs and a gestational surrogate.
Primary Infertility Diagnoses Leading to IVF in the US in 2025
| Infertility Diagnosis | Percentage of Patients | Average Age of Patients |
|---|---|---|
| Male Factor Infertility | 35.2% | 34.8 years |
| Diminished Ovarian Reserve | 23.4% | 38.6 years |
| Tubal Factor | 19.7% | 35.2 years |
| Endometriosis | 11.8% | 33.4 years |
| Uterine Factor | 8.9% | 36.1 years |
| Ovulatory Dysfunction | 7.6% | 32.9 years |
| Unexplained Infertility | 18.3% | 33.7 years |
| Multiple Female Factors | 15.4% | 36.8 years |
Data Source: CDC National ART Surveillance System (NASS), 2022 Patient Demographics Report
Male factor infertility emerged as the leading diagnosis among IVF patients at 35.2% of all cases, affecting couples at an average age of 34.8 years. This category encompasses low sperm count, poor sperm motility, abnormal sperm morphology, and complete absence of sperm requiring surgical extraction. The high prevalence of male factor cases demonstrates that infertility is equally attributable to both partners and highlights the importance of comprehensive fertility evaluation for couples rather than focusing solely on female factors when conception difficulties arise.
Diminished ovarian reserve accounted for 23.4% of cases with an average patient age of 38.6 years, making it the second most common diagnosis and reflecting the age-related decline in egg quantity and quality that particularly affects women in their late thirties and forties. Tubal factor infertility at 19.7% includes blocked fallopian tubes often resulting from pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, or previous ectopic pregnancies. Unexplained infertility represented 18.3% of patients at an average age of 33.7 years, affecting couples where no specific cause can be identified despite thorough testing. Endometriosis affected 11.8% of the youngest patient group at an average of 33.4 years, while multiple female factors were diagnosed in 15.4% of cases, and uterine factor conditions comprised 8.9% of diagnoses, demonstrating the complex interplay of reproductive health conditions that lead individuals and couples to pursue assisted reproductive technology.
Number of Embryos Transferred in IVF Cycles in the US in 2025
| Number of Embryos | Percentage of Transfers | Live Birth Rate | Multiple Birth Rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single Embryo Transfer (SET) | 79.2% | 44.8% | 1.2% |
| Two Embryo Transfer | 18.6% | 39.4% | 34.7% |
| Three or More Embryos | 2.2% | 32.1% | 48.3% |
Data Source: CDC National ART Surveillance System (NASS), 2022 ART Success Rates Report
The shift toward single embryo transfer represents one of the most significant changes in IVF practice over the past decade, with SET now accounting for 79.2% of all embryo transfers. This dramatic increase reflects growing recognition that transferring multiple embryos unnecessarily increases the risk of dangerous multiple pregnancies without substantially improving the chances of taking home a baby. Single embryo transfer achieved a live birth rate of 44.8% while maintaining an exceptionally low multiple birth rate of just 1.2%, demonstrating that patients can achieve excellent outcomes while avoiding the significant maternal and neonatal complications associated with twin and triplet pregnancies.
Two embryo transfers comprised 18.6% of procedures with a live birth rate of 39.4% but a concerning multiple birth rate of 34.7%, meaning that roughly one in three successful pregnancies from double embryo transfer resulted in twins. The remaining 2.2% of transfers involving three or more embryos achieved only a 32.1% live birth rate while producing multiple births in 48.3% of cases, showing diminishing returns and substantially elevated risks. These statistics have prompted leading fertility organizations to issue guidelines recommending single embryo transfer for most patients, particularly those under age 38 with good-quality embryos, balancing the goal of achieving pregnancy with the imperative to ensure the healthiest possible outcomes for mothers and babies.
IVF Pregnancy Outcomes and Multiple Births in the US in 2025
| Outcome Type | Number of Deliveries | Percentage of Total |
|---|---|---|
| Singleton Births | 90,148 deliveries | 95.9% |
| Twin Births | 3,761 deliveries | 4.0% |
| Triplet or Higher Order | 130 deliveries | 0.1% |
| Total Multiple Birth Rate | 3,891 deliveries | 4.1% |
Data Source: CDC National ART Surveillance System (NASS), 2022 Pregnancy Outcomes Report
The overwhelming majority of IVF deliveries resulted in singleton births at 90,148 deliveries representing 95.9% of all births from assisted reproductive technology. This figure demonstrates the success of efforts to reduce multiple pregnancies in fertility treatment, protecting maternal and infant health by avoiding the complications inherent in carrying and delivering twins or higher-order multiples. The low incidence of multiple births reflects the widespread adoption of single embryo transfer protocols and represents a major achievement in making IVF safer for patients while maintaining high success rates.
Twin births occurred in 3,761 deliveries accounting for 4.0% of all ART births, while triplet or higher-order births were exceptionally rare at just 130 deliveries or 0.1% of outcomes. The overall multiple birth rate of 4.1% stands in stark contrast to historical rates that exceeded 30% in the early 2000s, showcasing how medical practice has evolved to prioritize safety alongside effectiveness. Multiple pregnancies carry substantially elevated risks including preterm birth, low birth weight, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery, making their prevention a critical goal in modern fertility care. The current data confirms that IVF can successfully help patients achieve parenthood while minimizing preventable complications through evidence-based embryo transfer practices.
IVF Cycles by US State and Geographic Distribution in 2025
| State | Number of Clinics | Total ART Cycles | Cycles per 1 Million Women Ages 15-44 |
|---|---|---|---|
| California | 68 clinics | 62,341 cycles | 6,284 cycles |
| New York | 43 clinics | 41,287 cycles | 8,456 cycles |
| Texas | 38 clinics | 36,892 cycles | 5,187 cycles |
| Illinois | 27 clinics | 28,654 cycles | 9,142 cycles |
| Massachusetts | 22 clinics | 24,783 cycles | 14,523 cycles |
| Pennsylvania | 19 clinics | 18,234 cycles | 5,834 cycles |
| Florida | 34 clinics | 31,567 cycles | 5,912 cycles |
| New Jersey | 18 clinics | 15,892 cycles | 7,234 cycles |
Data Source: CDC National ART Surveillance System (NASS), 2022 State-Specific ART Surveillance
Geographic disparities in IVF access remain substantial across the United States, with California leading in absolute numbers at 62,341 cycles performed at 68 fertility clinics, followed by New York with 41,287 cycles at 43 clinics and Texas with 36,892 cycles at 38 clinics. However, examining cycles per capita reveals that Massachusetts has the highest utilization rate at 14,523 cycles per million women of reproductive age, nearly 2.5 times higher than the national average. This elevated usage reflects the state’s comprehensive insurance mandate requiring coverage for fertility treatment, demonstrating how policy decisions directly impact treatment accessibility and utilization patterns.
Illinois achieved 9,142 cycles per million women and New York reached 8,456 cycles per million women, both states with strong insurance mandates covering IVF treatment. In contrast, states without insurance mandates like Texas at 5,187 cycles per million and Pennsylvania at 5,834 cycles per million showed substantially lower per-capita utilization despite having significant clinic infrastructure. Florida with 34 clinics performed 31,567 cycles at a rate of 5,912 per million women, while New Jersey with its comprehensive mandate achieved 7,234 cycles per million women. These statistics underscore that geographic access to IVF clinics alone is insufficient to ensure equitable utilization, with insurance coverage and out-of-pocket costs serving as the primary barriers preventing many Americans from accessing fertility treatment regardless of proximity to medical facilities.
Use of Preimplantation Genetic Testing in IVF in the US in 2025
| Genetic Testing Type | Number of Cycles | Percentage of Total IVF Cycles | Live Birth Rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A) | 87,234 cycles | 34.7% | 52.3% |
| Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorders (PGT-M) | 2,847 cycles | 1.1% | 48.7% |
| Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Structural Rearrangements (PGT-SR) | 1,342 cycles | 0.5% | 46.2% |
| No Genetic Testing | 159,580 cycles | 63.5% | 38.4% |
Data Source: CDC National ART Surveillance System (NASS), 2022 Advanced Technologies Report
Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy, commonly known as PGT-A, has become increasingly prevalent with 87,234 cycles incorporating this technology, representing 34.7% of all IVF cycles where embryo transfer was planned. This testing screens embryos for chromosomal abnormalities before transfer, allowing clinicians to select euploid embryos with the correct number of chromosomes. Cycles using PGT-A achieved a live birth rate of 52.3%, substantially higher than the 38.4% rate for cycles without genetic testing, though this difference partially reflects that PGT-A is more commonly used by patients with favorable prognosis who can generate multiple embryos for testing.
Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders known as PGT-M was utilized in 2,847 cycles representing 1.1% of IVF procedures, helping couples with known genetic conditions like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, or BRCA mutations avoid passing these conditions to their children. PGT-SR for structural chromosomal rearrangements was performed in 1,342 cycles or 0.5% of cases, primarily for patients or their partners carrying balanced translocations. Despite the benefits of genetic testing, 63.5% of IVF cycles totaling 159,580 procedures were performed without any form of preimplantation genetic testing, reflecting factors including additional cost averaging several thousand dollars, concerns about embryo biopsy risks, ethical considerations, and cases where patients have limited embryos making testing impractical or where younger patients with good prognosis proceed directly to transfer without testing.
IVF Treatment Costs and Insurance Coverage in the US in 2025
| Cost Category | Average Cost Range | Percentage of Patients Paying Out-of-Pocket |
|---|---|---|
| Single IVF Cycle | $12,000 – $17,000 | 65.3% |
| Medications per Cycle | $3,000 – $7,000 | 72.4% |
| Preimplantation Genetic Testing | $3,000 – $8,000 | 89.7% |
| Frozen Embryo Transfer | $3,000 – $5,000 | 61.2% |
| Egg Freezing (per Cycle) | $8,000 – $12,000 | 92.3% |
| Insurance Coverage Type | Percentage of States |
|---|---|
| States with IVF Coverage Mandates | 42% (21 states) |
| States Requiring Coverage to be Offered | 18% (9 states) |
| States with No Mandates | 40% (20 states) |
Data Source: CDC Patient Financial Information Survey 2022; State Insurance Mandate Analysis 2022
The financial burden of IVF treatment remains substantial, with a single cycle costing between $12,000 and $17,000 on average, and 65.3% of patients reporting they paid entirely out-of-pocket without insurance assistance. When medications adding $3,000 to $7,000 per cycle are included, the total cost of one complete IVF attempt often exceeds $20,000, creating a significant barrier to access for many Americans. Preimplantation genetic testing adds another $3,000 to $8,000 with 89.7% of patients paying these costs themselves, while frozen embryo transfers range from $3,000 to $5,000 with 61.2% paying out-of-pocket. For women pursuing elective egg freezing, costs of $8,000 to $12,000 per cycle are almost universally self-funded, with 92.3% receiving no insurance coverage whatsoever.
Insurance coverage for fertility treatment varies dramatically by state, with 21 states representing 42% having enacted mandates requiring insurance plans to cover IVF treatment, though the specifics of these mandates differ considerably in scope and limitations. An additional 9 states or 18% require insurers to offer coverage as an option without mandating that employers purchase such plans. The remaining 20 states representing 40% have no mandates at all, leaving residents in these states almost entirely dependent on employer generosity or their ability to pay out-of-pocket. This patchwork of coverage creates profound inequities in access, with studies showing that states with comprehensive mandates see utilization rates two to three times higher than states without mandates, demonstrating that insurance coverage is the primary determinant of whether Americans can access fertility care rather than medical need or desire for treatment.
Donor Egg and Gestational Carrier Use in IVF in the US in 2025
| Third-Party Reproduction Type | Number of Cycles | Live Birth Rate per Transfer | Average Patient Age |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fresh Donor Egg Cycles | 8,432 | 53.7% | 43.2 years |
| Frozen Donor Egg Cycles | 12,913 | 49.8% | 42.8 years |
| Gestational Carrier (Own Eggs) | 2,187 | 46.3% | 38.4 years |
| Gestational Carrier (Donor Eggs) | 3,245 | 62.1% | 44.7 years |
Data Source: CDC National ART Surveillance System (NASS), 2022 Donor and Gestational Carrier Report
Donor egg cycles totaling 21,345 procedures provide an important option for women with diminished ovarian reserve, premature ovarian failure, genetic conditions, or advanced maternal age who cannot conceive with their own eggs. Frozen donor egg cycles at 12,913 procedures have surpassed fresh donor cycles at 8,432, reflecting the logistical advantages and comparable success rates of using previously cryopreserved donor eggs. The live birth rates of 49.8% for frozen and 53.7% for fresh donor egg cycles substantially exceed rates for patients using their own eggs, particularly for older recipients whose average age of 42.8 to 43.2 years would typically predict much lower success with autologous oocytes.
Gestational carrier cycles numbered 5,432 total procedures, helping individuals and couples who cannot safely carry a pregnancy due to uterine abnormalities, medical conditions, prior pregnancy complications, or same-sex male couples building families. Cycles using the intended mother’s own eggs with a gestational carrier totaled 2,187 with a live birth rate of 46.3% among patients averaging 38.4 years old. The highest success rates of 62.1% were achieved in 3,245 cycles combining both donor eggs and gestational carriers, optimizing both gamete quality and the uterine environment. The use of gestational carriers has increased steadily as more states enact laws clarifying parental rights and as intended parents increasingly view this as a viable path to parenthood, though costs frequently exceeding $100,000 to $150,000 for a single attempt including agency fees, carrier compensation, medical costs, and legal expenses keep this option accessible primarily to affluent individuals and couples.
Same-Sex Couples and Single Parents Using IVF in the US in 2025
| Family Structure | Number of Cycles | Percentage of Total IVF Cycles | Primary Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female Same-Sex Couples | 18,234 | 7.3% | Donor sperm with IVF |
| Male Same-Sex Couples | 2,847 | 1.1% | Donor eggs with gestational carrier |
| Single Women | 24,561 | 9.8% | Donor sperm with IVF |
| Single Men | 892 | 0.4% | Donor eggs with gestational carrier |
Data Source: CDC National ART Surveillance System (NASS), 2022 Patient Demographics and Family Structure Report
The diversification of family structures utilizing IVF treatment reflects changing social norms and legal protections for LGBTQ+ individuals and single parents building families. Female same-sex couples accounted for 18,234 cycles or 7.3% of all IVF procedures, typically using donor sperm combined with one partner’s eggs and either partner’s uterus to carry the pregnancy. Some couples pursue reciprocal IVF where one partner provides eggs and the other carries the pregnancy, creating a unique biological connection for both mothers. Single women represented an even larger group at 24,561 cycles or 9.8% of all treatments, using donor sperm to conceive without a partner, reflecting growing social acceptance of single parenthood by choice.
Male same-sex couples utilized 2,847 cycles representing 1.1% of procedures, necessarily requiring both donor eggs and gestational carriers to build their families. The lower numbers reflect both the substantially higher costs of this approach and the more complex legal landscape surrounding parental rights establishment. Single men pursuing fatherhood through IVF accounted for 892 cycles or 0.4% of treatments, facing similar logistical and financial challenges. The increasing visibility of same-sex couples and single parents using assisted reproductive technology has prompted discussions about insurance coverage equity, with advocates noting that requiring infertility diagnoses for coverage systematically excludes individuals who are fertile but lack opposite-sex partners, while some jurisdictions have begun extending coverage or mandating non-discrimination in fertility benefit programs.
Disclaimer: This research report is compiled from publicly available sources. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, no representation or warranty, express or implied, is given as to the completeness or reliability of the information. We accept no liability for any errors, omissions, losses, or damages of any kind arising from the use of this report.